Anzela Khan — новинки

Recent trend for the control of pests has been towards the use of substances of plant origin. Present investigation was carried out to determine the toxicity, residual effects and reduction in fertility of the plants viz. the Indian Oleander, Nerium indicum; apple of Sodom, Calotropis procera and Karonda, Carissa carandass methanolic leaves extract against adult of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum and graham bean weevil, Callosobruchus analis as compared with the Coopex which is synthetic pyrethroid. The LD50 of N. indicum extract was found to be 9.43 µl/cm2 and for Coopex it was 11.0 µl/cm2. The residual effect after 4 days of treatment caused 54% mortality in the case of N. indicum extract and 40% for Coopex. However, after 7 days the mortality was 2% in the case of N. indicum extract and 10% in the case of Coopex. The trend of reduction in fertility was the same in both N. indicum leaves extract and Coopex, i.e., it was increased gradually from lower to higher doses. Nerium indicum leaves extract reduced fertility significantly compared with Coopex. It was also noted that extract of Car. carandass was more toxic as compared to other extract and Coopex against C. analis.

Prevalence of the risk factors of the medical and genetic disorders in F1-generation of parents having consanguineous marriages increases with the passage of time. It is a big challenge for our society to compete this situation. To control them, it is necessary to get complete information of their prevalence and their risk factors. The main objective of this study was to know the consanguineous marriages in relation with their frequency among different age groups, and its main medical and genetic affects, malformations, transmittance of the existing genetic diseases. Two studies were conducted in different areas of the Lower Dir and Bajaur Agency, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan where they are dominant. Data were collected from 300 and 123 consanguineous married couples from the areas,through questionnaire comprised of information about complete history and risk factors. According to these results,the couples having genetic disorders like anemia,obesity and thalassaemia;however,non-genetic disorders, bone diseases,depressive illness and respiratory diseases.Such communities may require comprehensive genetic education,premarital genetic counseling programms for awareness and education.

Biological data possess many special characteristics that make biological data management challenging. Ecological samplings are carried out over extended periods of time, with sampling taking place at regular intervals within a particular habitat. It is highly complex when compared with most other applications. Data collection methods for impact evaluation vary along a continuum. At the one end of this continuum are quantitative methods and at the other end of the continuum are qualitative methods for data collection. The choice of method is influenced by the data collection strategy, the type of variable, the accuracy required the collection point and the skill of the enumerator. The science of ecology is so broad that advances in other disciplines often directly benefit ecological research techniques include the development of biotechnology, telemetric instrumentation, satellite tracking and location systems and remote sensing technology. Computers have facilitated the use of larger data sets, as well as access to national and global data sets. Basic observations recorded with a pencil and notebook is likely to remain a major component of field ecology for the foreseeable future.

Pearls have been known to mankind since the beginning of civilization. The success of the pearl culture industry depends on the high rate of production of quality pearls. The value of a pearl depends on its quality, size, shape, colour and lustre. Being a product of biological origin, individual variations are bound to occur in each pearl. The secretion of the mantle or the pearl-sac, which leads to the formation of the pearl, may be organic or inorganic or both in origin, with unpredictable and subtle variations in structure and composition. The final product may range from the finest to the trash. Even under the highest possible human control, the quality of cultured pearls cannot control absolutely but can considerably improve through appropriate care in surgery and during farming. Only the size and shape of the cultured pearls are under the control of the pearl culturist. However, the colour and luster, which depend on the secretion of the pearlsac, can also improve to some extent by proper understanding of individual biological and physiological factors as well as the environmental conditions of the culture farms, which influence the formation of pearls.

A survey of 29 wetlands in the Fraser River of British Columbia suggested that red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans is well established and more widely distributed. Their history, habitat requirements, relative density, size distribution were coexisted with the Western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), invasive species are one of the most important causes of biodiversity decline at a global scale. Pet voluntary introductions are made by public and usually concern only one or two individuals per occasion. Hatchling of T. s. elegans has been massively exported from the United States America (USA) to European and Asian countries to be sold as pets. Recent studies with T. s. elegans have shown that exogenous estradiol-even when applied to eggshell was affecting sex development during embryogenesis. Aroclor produced most powerful effects, shifting the ratio of females almost twofold. The daily and seasonal changes in ventilation and breathing pattern resulted solely from daily and seasonal oscillations in metabolism or also from changes in chemo-reflex sensitivity.

Turtle is aquatic or semi-aquatic animal with webbed feet. Tortoise is terrestrial animal with clubbed feet, domed shell and generally inhabiting warmer regions. Terrapin is a turtle living in fresh or brackish water. The term originally referred to the diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin. Each spring female turtles must find a suitable location to dig a nest and lay eggs and leaves them to develop and hatch on their own. During the weeks of incubation, many eggs are dug up and eaten by predators or succumb to disease. There is a marked contrast to box turtles and tortoise species, which tend to have a high, domed shell and stumpy, elaphantine feet better suited for walking around on land. A two-step model has been proposed for the evolutionary origin of the turtle shell. The carapacial ridge (CR) is critical for the entry of the ribs into the dorsal dermis. Turtle derbies have a long history in many communities in eastern, mid-western, and southern states. Turtles as well as other reptiles carry Salmonella bacteria that can make humans sick. Children younger than 5 years of age and immune-compromised persons of any age should avoid contact them.

Recent trend for the control of insect pests has been towards the use of substances of plant origin. Toxicity and residual effects of the yellow-berried nightshade, Solanum surrattense Burm. leaves extract were determined against adults of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) by contact/filter paper method under laboratory condition. The lowest mortality 15% was observed at the minimum dose 2.4 ?l/cm2 and the highest 100% was observed at the maximum 16.8 ?l/cm2 after 24 h. The LD50 of S. surrattense was found 8.02 ?l/cm2. Finally, residual effect of the same plant extract was observed for 8-days. During 1st day, mortality, the lowest was 49.4% at minimum 2.4 ?l/cm2 doses and the highest mortality was 91.6% at maximum 11.8 ?l/cm2 dose. During 7th day, mortality, the lowest was 5.0% at 2.4 ?l/cm2 and the highest was 60.5% at 11.8 ?l/cm2. During 8th day, mortality, the lowest was 2.4 % at 2.4 ?l/cm2 and the highest was 11.1% at 11.8 ?l/cm2.

The Naran and Kaghan Valleys are more prominent among all the tourism spots due to its compositions of allurements. Tourists not only from abroad but different corners of the country always come to see these beautiful Valleys. The Kaghan Valley's remote mountains, dales, lakes, waterfalls, streams, and glaciers remain in a pristine state, some within Lulusar-Dudipatsar National Park. The Valley is a prime destination during summer, from May through September. In May, the temperature ranges between a maximum of 11 °C (52 °F) and a minimum of 3 °C (37 °F). From the middle of July to the end of September the Naran-Babusar road beyond Naran Valley is open through Kagan Valley and over Babusar Pass. Access is restricted during the monsoon and winter seasons. The Kaghan area can be reached by roads via the towns of Balakot, Abbottabad, and Mansehra on the Karakoram Highway. In Balakot, one may find buses and other transports to reach Naran Village and the valley. There are more than a dozen big and small lakes in the valley, but three are more popular among the tourists: Saiful Muluk, Dudipatsar and Lulusar.