Dilbar Hussain — новинки

The elaborated research activity was performed at the research area of Oil Seed Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. Hybrid sunflower variety FH-331 was seeded by employing RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications and eleven treatments. Each treatment was pointing toward an isolated sowing date from January 8th to March 19th, 2014 with a separation of one week duration in each planting date.Final results showed that the sowing date after the mid February (i.e., February 19th) was better with mean populations of aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.) 0.33/leaf, jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) 3.70/leaf, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) 4.56/leaf, dusky cotton bug (Oxycarenus laetus Kirby) 0.56/leaf, false chinch bug (Nysius inconspicuus Distant.) 0.31/leaf, leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) 0.73/leaf, head borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hb.) 4.11/plant, semilooper (Thysanoplusia orichalcea F.) 3.20/plant and armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) 0.00/plant.All other dates were not suitable when considering different insect pests. This research revealed that by changing the sowing date, insect pests damage can be lessened.

Research is the fundamental thing in any study field either agriculture or non-agriculture areas. This book comprises of different aspects of entomological research with special focus on insect toxicological aspetcs.A research project is given with particulars as: The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) followed by five treatments with Five replications to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against jassid on arind crop (Castor Ricinuscommunis). The six synthetic insecticides (Spintoram 120 SL @ 60 ml /acre, Dimethoate 40% EC @ 400 ml /acre, Acetameprid20SL @ 125 ml/acre and Profenophos500 EC @ 400 ml/acre, Diafenthiuron 500 SC @ 200 ml and Pyriproxifin 10.8% EC @ 400 ml) were used as treatment and a water as a control. The maximum percentage mortality was recorded in prophenophos 90%,followed by pyriproxifin 85, dimethoat 82%, spintoram 85,diafentheuron 84% ,acetamiprid 74%, and respectively.) So, these results showed that (acetameprid) is less toxic to jassid because it causes less mortality after 72 hours while profenophos is highly toxic because it causes 90 % mortality in 72 hours. While the remaining insecticides(Spintoram 120 SL @ 60.

This book contains fundamentals of research in agriculture subject with special reference to Entomology. All of the basic related topics have been explained related to research aspects for generalized experiments. Further, a non-chemical control method for sunflower insect pests have also been mentioned as sunflower is a widely grown oil crop in different areas of the world.Result revealed that late planting dates reduced damage ratings and percentage damaged of Aphis gossipye as compared to early planting dates .while early planting dates reduce damage rating and percentage damaged of Amrasca bigutulla and Bemisia tabaci. Visual observations of Aphis gossipye found that the majority of Aphis gossipye were found in the early planted sunflower compared with the late planted sunflower.

Trichogramma chilonis is a very important natural enemy of many insect pests of cruciferous crops. For pre-imaginal development bioassay the eggs of Sitotroga cerealella parasitized by T.chilonis were exposed to different chemicals to check out the possible efects of those chemicals. Emamectin benzoate, spinosad, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and acetamiprid are used to find out the death rate of Trichogramma. This was conducted to find out that which insecticides we must use to prevent the death of Trichgramma because it is used as Biological control and helps in environmental pollution reduction.

This book describes the importance of citrus pests especially emphasizing on citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) which is serious threat to citrus nursery in Pakistan. The main objectives of these studies were to determine the frequency of insecticides against citrus leafminer, to find the best insecticide which give maximum protection in the citrus nursery. Ten insecticides viz: emmamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, imidachloprid 20 SL, profenofos 50 EC, lufenuron 50 EC, acetamiprid 20 SP, bifenthrin 10 EC, spinosad 240 SC, cyhalothrin 2.5 EC, flufenoxuron 10 DC and triflumuron 20 EC were used in two different seasons, spring season and monsoon season. spinosad 240 SC showed maximum mortality more than 90% after 96 hours of application with maximum frequency of fourteen days.

Lady bird beetle is a Good predator of all species of Aphids.This book describe that four insecticides viz:Imidachloprid 20SL,Acetamaprid 20 SL,Emamectin 1.9 EC,Spinosad 240 SE were used against predatory lady bird beetle.Main objective of this experiment was to evaluate that insecticide, which showed less toxicity against lady bird beetle. Result showed that Imidachloprid 20SL showed less toxicity than that of other insecticides.