Muhammad Saleem — новинки

Earthquakes are a common phenomenon thorough out the world and they cause large damages all across the globe each year. High-rise buildings are especially vulnerable when subjected to earthquake forces. Hence the objective of the book is to enlighten young engineers and students about the use of dampeners in RC buildings to better protect them against any impending failure resulting from the earthquake forces and the factors which govern the application of various types of dampener systems. Since there are several types of dampeners available in the industry, it is imperative for engineers to choose the correct type of dampener system for the specific purpose based on building type, height, location, geometry and economic availability of the dampeners. Furthermore the placement and installation of the dampeners is another critical factor that needs to be evaluated and is addressed in detail in the presented Book.

The study was related to the chemical control of cabbage caterpillar (Pieris brassicae). The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) followed by five treatments with five replications to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against Pieris brassicae on cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. The four synthetic insecticides ( Dimethoate 40% EC @ 400 ml /acre, Acetamiprid 20 SL @ 125 ml/acre, Profenophos 500 EC @ 400 ml/acre and Emamectin benzoate 5% EC) were used as treatment and a water as a control. The maximum percentage mortality was recorded in profenofos 77.5%,followed by emamectin benzoate 72.93%, dimethoate 72.63% and acetamiprid 58.93% respectively. So, these results showed that acetamiprid is less toxic to Pieris brassicae because it caused less mortality after 72 hours while profenophos is highly toxic because it caused 77.5 % mortality in 72 hours. While the remaining insecticides( Dimethoate 40% EC @ 400 ml /acre and Emamectin benzoate 5% EC)are less toxic than Profenofos against Pieris brassicae.

The elaborated research activity was performed at the research area of Oil Seed Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. Hybrid sunflower variety FH-331 was seeded by employing RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications and eleven treatments. Each treatment was pointing toward an isolated sowing date from January 8th to March 19th, 2014 with a separation of one week duration in each planting date.Final results showed that the sowing date after the mid February (i.e., February 19th) was better with mean populations of aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.) 0.33/leaf, jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) 3.70/leaf, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) 4.56/leaf, dusky cotton bug (Oxycarenus laetus Kirby) 0.56/leaf, false chinch bug (Nysius inconspicuus Distant.) 0.31/leaf, leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) 0.73/leaf, head borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hb.) 4.11/plant, semilooper (Thysanoplusia orichalcea F.) 3.20/plant and armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) 0.00/plant.All other dates were not suitable when considering different insect pests. This research revealed that by changing the sowing date, insect pests damage can be lessened.

An earthquake is a common phenomenon throughout the world and many of the world’s most populated regions are affected by earthquakes each year. For the purpose of better protection of life and infrastructure research has been going on in the field of seismic retrofitting for much time. Several new techniques have been developed along with the refinement of the old ones. Many of these techniques employ post-installed anchor bars for the retrofitting purpose. Traditionally the anchor bar is attached to the concrete member by drilling a hole and the embedded anchor is held in place with the help of infill material knows as epoxy resin. Research in the past has focused very little on the anchor-infill assembly and the influence of mechanical properties of infill material on controlling the deformational response. Book presents the advances made in developing a new type of anchor-infill assembly, coupled with the optimized infill material properties, which are better able to control the deformational response of the post-installed anchor bar and are effective in reducing the residual displacements and damage caused in the surrounding concrete.

This book describes the importance of citrus pests especially emphasizing on citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) which is serious threat to citrus nursery in Pakistan. The main objectives of these studies were to determine the frequency of insecticides against citrus leafminer, to find the best insecticide which give maximum protection in the citrus nursery. Ten insecticides viz: emmamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, imidachloprid 20 SL, profenofos 50 EC, lufenuron 50 EC, acetamiprid 20 SP, bifenthrin 10 EC, spinosad 240 SC, cyhalothrin 2.5 EC, flufenoxuron 10 DC and triflumuron 20 EC were used in two different seasons, spring season and monsoon season. spinosad 240 SC showed maximum mortality more than 90% after 96 hours of application with maximum frequency of fourteen days.

Lady bird beetle is a Good predator of all species of Aphids.This book describe that four insecticides viz:Imidachloprid 20SL,Acetamaprid 20 SL,Emamectin 1.9 EC,Spinosad 240 SE were used against predatory lady bird beetle.Main objective of this experiment was to evaluate that insecticide, which showed less toxicity against lady bird beetle. Result showed that Imidachloprid 20SL showed less toxicity than that of other insecticides.

This work considers type-I mixtures of the members of a subclass of one parameter exponential family of disributions. This subclass includes Exponential, Rayleigh, Pareto, a Burr type XII and Power function distributions. Except the Exponential, mixtures of distributions of this subclass get either no or least attention in literature so far. The elegant closed form expressions for the Bayes estimators of the parameters of each of these mixtures are presented along with their variances assuming uninformative and informative priors. The proposed informative Bayes estimators emerge advantageous in terms of their least standard errors. An extensive simulation study is conducted for each of these mixtures to highlight the properties and comparison of the proposed Bayes estimators in terms of sample sizes, censoring rates, mixing proportions and different combinations of the parameters of the component densities. A type-IV sample consisting of ordinary type-I, right censored observations is considered. Bayesian analysis of the real life mixture data sets is conducted as an application of each mixture and some interesting observations and comparisons have been observed.

For more than 50 years, the mainstream electronics industry has been dominated by thin film transistors, based on inorganic semiconductors. The fabrication of these devices requires high temperature and complex vacuum deposition techniques, which results in high production costs and not suitable for large-area electronics. Organic semiconducting materials offer an attractive alternative because their fabrication processes are much less complex and inexpensive compared to conventional inorganic technology. This Book describes the fabrication and characterization of organic semiconductor based devices such as humidity, temperature, and light sensors, photoelectrochemical cells, electrochemical cells, solid-liquid and surface-type rectifying junctions. Simple and inexpensive novel techniques has been used for the fabrication. Low cost production of these devices is possible by using vacuum evaporation, spin coating, and drop casting technology.This book aims at the fabrication and investigation of different type of novel organic semiconductor devices for electric, electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Power shortages and blackouts are common in developing countries especially in emerging economies due to increasing electricity consumption, population and weak distrubution system. As a result, these economies are facing common problem that how to meet the grwoing demand to maintain economic growth and to develop a regulatory framework for electricity sector which is efficient and market based. This book explores the common problems faced by developing countries in the electricity sector and provides the practical examples of measuring efficiency of generation and distribution companies using state of the art methodologies. Based on efficiency results, price cap regulation for the purpose of electricity tariff setting has been proposed. This book serves as a guide to develop incentive based price cap regulation as a case study of developing countries. It also provides an integrated approach to efficiency measurement for electricity sector regulators.It covers the conceptual issues related to power sector policy analysis, privatization modules,efficiency and price cap regulation in an accessible yet rigorous maner.