Ishak Mesic — новинки

This study aims to investigate and present a comparison of the level of development, structure and global trends in the global distributive trade, with a focus on the ten leading countries in the world. The first part of the study deals with comparing the level of development and the structure of the distributive trade in these ten leading countries. After that, the study deals with comparative analysis of global trends in the distributive trade, of the leading countries (modernization of retail formats, online trade, increase the participation of retail with its own brand, the concentration of trade, internationalization of the retail trade). Comparative analysis of distributive trade in the ten leading countries has shown that there are certain differences in the level of development and the structure of trade networks, which are the result of different levels of economic development of individual countries, but also other factors for development of trade. Comparative analysis of global trends shows diversity intensity of global trends in the distributive trade of the leading countries. Three leading European countries and the US have generally higher intensity of global trends.

This study aims to investigate and present the intensity of global trends in the retail trade, focusing on countries that generate most of the retail turnover in the world.The study shows that, almost all countries participate in trend dislocation of traditional retail towards modern sale forms. The trend of retail trade outside the store via the internet is significantly more intense in Europe and in the USA than on the global average level. The share of internet sales as a proportion of total retail trade has increased steadily and this trend is expected to continue in the future. Private label trends worldwide to continue to show impressive growth across both food and non-food retail trade. Trend of the concentration in different countries is much different. The concentration in the retail trade is much higher in the developed countries of the EU than in the other countries. The leading European retailers have achieved a higher degree of internationalization of retailers from other regions. Top 10 European food retailers have realized 41.6% of sales abroad. With the internalization trend, retail has become a global industry.

Integration and globalization of world market have resulted in retail trade internationalization. This study aims to investigate and present the intensity trend of internationalization of retail trade in the world, especially in countries that concentrate the most part of world's retail trade. In the first part, the study shows the international activities of European retailers through their sales abroad. This part of the study shows that the trend of internationalization of retailing is significantly present in European top retailers. However, top retailers the majority of their sales perform on the european market. In the second part, the study shows the international activities of non-European retailers. This part of the study shows that the internationalization of retailing in the US is significant, but not intense as in developed EU countries. The internationalization of retailing in other observed countries is evident, but less than in Europe and in the US. In the third part, the study shows the international activities of top 250 global retailers. This part of the study shows that global retailers from Europe achieve 60% of foreign turnover of the Top 250 global retailers.

The study aims at researching and presenting structural changes and global trends in distributive trade of European Union, resulted from liberalization of economic activities within the EU. During the last decades, EU trade went through deep transformation and structural changes. Level of development, structure of trade network, as well as structure of retail forms, differ from one country to another. Regardless of differences between particular national and regional markets within EU, almost all countries participate in increased trend of internationalization, concentration and dislocation of traditional retail towards modern sale forms. On a global scale, internationalization of trade should lead to more integrated and uniform development of a whole world trade. First study deals with: the level of development and structure of the distributive trades in European union, and then processes the global trends (the changing in the trade structure of European union, increase of the share of retail with own brand, the concentration of the trade, the internationalization of retail trade).

The European Union and the United States represent two of the strongest global regions where is placed the most part of the global distributive trade. Therefore, this study aims to explore and present a comparison of the level of development, structure, and global trends in the distributive trade, in EU and in US. The first part of the study deals with the level of development and the structure of the distributive trade in EU and in US, and with comparing the level of development and the structure of the distributive trade in these two global regions. After that, the study deals with comparative analysis of global trends in the distributive trade, of the EU and of the US (modernization of retail formats, increase the participation of retail with its own brand, the concentration of trade, internationalization of the retail trade). Although comparative analysis shows that there are certain differences in the level of development of distributive trade, sectoral structure of distributive trade is quite similar in the US and in the EU. Comparative analysis of global trends shows larger intensity of global trends in the distributive trade of the EU than in the US.

In last years, it is intensified the processes of trade concentration in the countries with developed market economy, which resulted by high degree of retail concentration. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and present the intensity of the trend of concentration of distributive trade in the world, in countries that concentrate most of the global distributive trade. In the first part, the study shows the concentration of trade network, then the concentration of the retail turnover in the world, and the concentration of turnover of leading global retailers. In the second part, the study shows the regional analysis of concentration of trade (the European Union, the USA, Japan, China and Russia). Anaysis of the concentration of trade network shows the trend toward reducing the number and increasing the size of the trade enterprises and stores. Analysis of the concentration of retail turnover in the world shows that the degree of retail concentration, measured by market share of leading retailers, is much higher in developed countries with a network of larger and more modern retail formats.