Muhammad Irfan - все книги по циклам и сериям | Книги по порядку

Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection worldwide. Over half of the world’s population live in areas at risk of dengue infection. The disease is transmitted principally by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. Dengue Outbreaks were recorded in all countries of the Indian Subcontinent with Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka resulting in huge number of cases and deaths. It is a disease caused by four serotypes of a same virus i.e. DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4. In all major outbreaks, DENV2 and DENV3 were recorded as dominating and disastrous serotypes in the region. Climate is a vital factor influencing DF outbreaks; temperature, humidity, rainfall and flood play a fundamental role in DF outbreaks, as providing optimum conditions for vector population growth.Presently, prime prevention of dengue is possible only with vector control and personal protection from the bites of infected mosquitoes.

One hundred cases of various types of angina pectoris in two hospitals of Narowal during September 2008 to January 2009 had been analyzed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of angina pectoris, and effects of various risk factors. The analysis shows that silent angina pectoris were more prevalent (79%, n=79/100), and painful angina pectoris were less prevalent (21%, n=21/100). About 56% cases reported, belong to the age class 41-60 years with a higher incidence of silent angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is more prevalent in females (65.00%) as compared to males (35.00%). In relation to various risk factors, silent angina pectoris is the most prevalent. The mortality rate in this sample due to angina pectoris is 12.00%.

Xylanases (endo-1, 4-?-D-xylan xylanohydrolse; EC 3.2.1.8) is a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, the major constituent of hemicellulose, which is second to cellulose in abundance in plant cell wall. Xylanases are produced by a variety of microorganism such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and yeast which are cultivated in solid and submerged fermentations. Fungi are the most common sources of xylanases which can produce thermophilic enzyme in fermentation process. Xylanases have potential applications in various fields like bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry (brightening of the pulp to avoid the chlorine free bleaching operations), hydrolyzed the xylan component from wood which facilitate in removal of lignin, in baking industries and in animal feed industry. This enzyme produced can be utilized in saccharification for ethanol production. This study is focused on optimization of cultural and nutritional parameters on xylanase production by Trichoderma viride in solid state fermentation using agricultural wastes as a substrate.

The data about the major causes of hypertension of approximately one hundred patients of hypertension was collected by interviewing them at Sughra Shafih Medical Complex, Narowal. The data had been analysed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of hypertension and effects of various causes. The analysis shows that hypertensive patients were more prevalent (60%, n=60/100), and non hypertensive patients were less prevalent (40%, n=40/100). The prevalence of hypertension was more in females (64.00%) as compared to males (34.00%). The major risk factors of hypertension were diabetes, obesity and over weight, tension, smoking. Some females were hypertensive during pregnancy. High cholesterol level also contributes to hypertension. In our sample out of hypertensive patients 42% were diabetic, 25% were obese, 10% were smokers, 16.6% were hypertensive because to tension and 7% females were hypertensive during pregnancy. Known as “the silent killer”, it may exist for prolonged periods in the individual without symptoms and may manifest only after causing serious irreversible pathology and complications.

Cellulases are a group of enzymes which can effectively degrade the cellulose, thus converting into glucose units which are further fermented by Sacchromyces cervisae into ethanol. These cellulases are produced by a variety of organisms like insects, bacteria and fungi. Fungi are the most potent producers of cellulases in both submerged and solid state fermentation processes. Generaly, cllulase production from fungi is time taking process i.e. their single batch is mostly completed in six to seven days of fermentation period. To overcome this long time span an attempt was made to produce cellulase from bacterial species. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the cellulose degrading bacteria from soil samples.

Enzymes are biological catalysts which accelerate the chemical reactions in living things without being consumed. A catalyst is a material which builds a chemical reaction goes faster, without itself being altered. A catalyst can be utilized again and again in a chemical reaction: it is available again for same function. Enzymes are exceptionally the same apart from that they are simply denatured by heating. This book discussed about the history of enzymes, Production criteria, biotechnology, classification, Kinetics and Enzyme applications. Enzyme biotechnology involves the utilization of microorganisms such as yeast, mold or bacteria, and enzymes to make goods and services is a promising field in modern biotechnology. I am looking forward to work in a professional and competitive environment where It can put my best efforts, hard work and skills to bring up the organization and myself too. I am also a life long learner and am determined to become a knowledge professional for keeping abreast with changing technology.

Earthquakes are a common phenomenon thorough out the world and they cause large damages all across the globe each year. High-rise buildings are especially vulnerable when subjected to earthquake forces. Hence the objective of the book is to enlighten young engineers and students about the use of dampeners in RC buildings to better protect them against any impending failure resulting from the earthquake forces and the factors which govern the application of various types of dampener systems. Since there are several types of dampeners available in the industry, it is imperative for engineers to choose the correct type of dampener system for the specific purpose based on building type, height, location, geometry and economic availability of the dampeners. Furthermore the placement and installation of the dampeners is another critical factor that needs to be evaluated and is addressed in detail in the presented Book.

The design of bridges is a unique art as they are expected to carry moving loads compared to the statically loaded structures. Mere training in code procedures and special design skills are inadequate for successful professional practice. Thorough understanding of basic concepts and response characteristics of various structural elements is necessary for professional bridge designers. This book encompasses the manual and computer aided design of prestressed concrete bridges. Besides explaining the detailed design procedures for designing various components of prestressed concrete girder bridge; this book also focuses on the basic concepts and definitions of various bridge components. The theory of prestressing with its merits and demerits is also discussed in detail. The manual design procedure of different members of prestressed concrete bridges is explained in a comprehensive and step-by-step manner. Illustrations are used to explain the computer aided design method. The design and analysis results are compared in the end and discussions are made in order to explain the reasons for possible discrepancies.