MUHAMMAD ARSHAD — новинки

It may be concluded from present study that the seeds developed in siliqua at lower position having lesser distance from ground and source were more productive in terms of various physico-chemical characteristics in comparison with those developed at upper siliqua positions. Therefore, it is the need of time to develop such cultivars having some definite flowering pattern, having maximum flowers at lower positions and lesser distance from source.This book would be a valuable assistance to plant biochemists, Agronomists and physiologists in the field of research.

Calcium carbide releases acetylene gas upon its reaction with water that is further converted to ethylene in soil due to microbial reduction. Acetylene inhibits the activity of ammonia-oxidizing enzymes involved in the nitrification process, thus resulting in the inhibition of nitrification and denitrification processes and increase in the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. A series of studies were conducted with collaboration of Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan during 2008-2011. The outcomes of these studies demonstrated the improvement in growth and yield of vegetable crops through bi-facet action of calcium carbide i.e. as a source of plant hormone, Ethylene as well as nitrification inhibitor, Acetylene. Any formulation of Calcium carbide which leads to slow and gradual release of ethylene and acetylene gases in soil could be useful in improving the nutrient use efficiency as well as growth and yields of vegetables.

The Thal Desert of Pakistan has rich diversity in grasses and various habitats are available for their growth. This book encompasses a broad spectrum of agrostology in Thal area emphasizing various aspects such as morphology, foliar anatomy, palynology as well as folk use of grasses. This book would be a valuable assistance to taxonomists, foresters and range scientists in agrostological field of research.

This book confined to the plant and plant resources of Kala Chitta Hills, Attock Punjab Pakistan. The ethnobotanical information regarding the use of plants among various plant communities can be utilized by policy makers to uplift the socio-economic condition of the area particularly and world generally. The book comprise beautiful illustration of medicinal plants for identification and utilization.

This book provides an insight into the area of plant taxonomy and ethnobotany with respect to floristic composition and multifarious uses of plants. The book covered floristic inventory along with various uses of plants of a remote hill station by the dwellers of the area. The people of the area are very much familier in utilizing these species in folk medicine, fuel-wood, fodder, timber, vegetables, cooking, wild fruits, ornamental etc. This book can be employed by various departments for detailed Lab. experimentation such as Biochemistry, Range Management and Forestry and Horticulture sciences as benchmark for carrying out further studies.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the main cash crops of Pakistan. It has played a significant role in industrial development and employment generation. It is known as backbone of Pakistan?s economy. Its impact on the economic development of the country is well established and it is rightly known as silver fiber of Pakistan. It occupies the 2nd position with respect to cultivated area in the country. During 2007-08 the cotton production was 12 million bales from an area of 3.05 million ha (Anonymous, 2008). Chemical fertilizers which have nutrients available, can provide sufficient nutrients to the crops, but their cost and constrains frequently deter farmers from using them in recommended quantities and balanced proportions. Moreover, limited availability of chemical fertilizers and their high cost are making their use difficult for the farmers. No doubt, use of chemical fertilizer provides essential nutrients for crop improvement to obtain higher yields; however, data of recent years reflect that the crop yields in Pakistan are almost stagnant. This situation warrants the use of organic sources of nutrients.

Faisalabad is known as a city of textile not only in Pakistan but also all over the world. Several textile processing units are in operation in the surroundings of the city, which are releasing a substantial amount of azo dyes into the wastewater streams in the surroundings of these textile units.The discharge of these contaminants is considered to be a potential threat to the environment because of their hazardous nature. Thus, this study was undertaken to isolate the bacteria possessing high potential to degrade azo dyes from the wastewater discharged by the textile units. A total of 150 bacterial strains were isolated from these wastewater samples using minimal salt medium spiked with Reactive Blue ZBLN azo dye. Results revealed that some bacterial strains were able to decolorize 8 different dyes almost within 6 hours. Thus, the isolated bacterial strains have the potential to remove a variety of dyes from the liquid culture, which could be used to develop a biotreatment strategy for cleanup of the industrial wastewater prior to their discharge into wastewater streams of the surrounding area.

Vultures can be regarded as a natural resource, like air and water which provide society with a number of services most probably the disposal of carrion, especially livestock carcasses. These services have an impact on human health, economic activity and on environmental quality. In 1980s, vultures were so abundant around human settlements and Gyps bengalensis was regarded as possibly the most abundant large bird of prey in the world. Populations of three Gyps species (G. bengalensis, G. indicus and G. tenuirostris) have dramatically declined within the past 10 years and have recently been listed as critically endangered by the World Conservation Union. Despite a long history of inquiry into the biology as well as phylogenetic studies of the Gyps vultures, only little is known about the genetic studies of this genus. In the present study, samples from four Gyps species (Gyps indicus, G. africanus, G. bengalensis and G. fulvus) were analyzed using microsatellites in order to determine the genetic structure and diversity among Gyps species populations.

Substantial difference was found regarding germination between both methods whereas after 90 days all the plant characters except plant height were same in all the treatments under both broad cast and drill methods.Highest mean ear length was found in actara) while lowest ear length was observed in untreated control. Aphid population was lowest on hombre and actara treatments whereas highest aphid densities were found on dividend star and untreated control. Highest number of lady bird beetle populations was found on untreated control and dividend star whereas lowest populations were found on actara. Grain weight was highest in hombre and actara followed by dividend star and untreated control respectively. All the insecticides were also tested regarding yield of crop. Highest yield was observed in hombre and actara followed by dividend star and mixture of actara +dividend star treatment. Lowest yield was obtained in untreated control.

Phosphorus plays an important role in a number of processes in plants, especially in photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, membrane formation, energy generation, glycolysis, respiration and nitrogen fixation. Although total P in the soils are high but their availability to plants is too low to meet the requirements so viable strategies are needed to solublized the inorganic P and to use the RP (insoluble source of P) to decrease the dependence on costly chemical fertilizers in crop production . For the transformation of insoluble phosphorus (PR) to soluble form, composting technology would serve as breakthrough and provided optimal conditions. The objective of the study was to optimize the compost: RP ratio, time and temperature conditions for maximum solublization of P by composting. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of composting technology to solublize the rock phosphate in soil and also to develop optimum conditions for better release of available P for growth and development of crop plants.

A plant nutrition requirement and management is becoming the most burning issue in agro-industry. soil hosts for different microbes which has the potential to convert the inorganic form of nutrients to plant usable organic form. Artifical induction of microbes helps the plants to combat different stresses. Wate materials contains clossal amount of organic and inorganic nutrients which can be used by plants after processing (compost). The objective of this research to combat water stress by using compost and ACC-Deaminase technology

Water availability for sustainable agriculture is becoming extremely critical factor with passage of time. There is dire need to enhance water use efficiency in crops so that higher crop yields could be obtained from limited sources of water. A series of experiments conducted during last several years under field conditions to assess the effectiveness of novel bacteria having ACC-deaminase enzyme for improving growth and yield of cereals. After intensive screening of bacteria, we have successfully isolated a few bacterial strains containing ACC-deaminase enzyme which showed tremendous potential to promote growth and yield of cereals under water deficit stress conditions.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of ACC deaminase rhizobacteria on the ACC-induced classical “triple” response in etiolated pea seedlings. Etiolated pea seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of ACC (0, 2, through 10 mmol L-1), in 100 ml glass beakers placed in airtight mason jars wrapped in green foil and incubated under dark for seven days. In another study pea seedlings were inoculated with five strains of rhizobacteria which vary in their ACC-deaminase activity. These inoculated pea seedlings were exposed to 10 mmol L-1 ACC and incubated in the darkness at 25 ± 3 ?C. Results revealed that exogenous application of ACC had a concentration-dependent effect in creating classical “triple” response in etiolated pea seedlings. Our study concludes that the inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase could be used to decrease ACC which produces due to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.

A pot experiment was conducted to study the comparative effectiveness of rhizobacteria containing either ACC-deaminase and/or nitrogen fixing activity for promoting growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill) in pot trial. Isolation of rhizobacteria containing ACC- deaminase and/or nitrogen fixing ability was done by dilution plate technique. Characterization of selected isolates like root colonization, ACC-deaminase activity and indole acetic acid production was done. Seeds of tomato were inoculated with broth of selected isolates. Hoagland nutrient solution was used to provide nutrition. The results showed that rhizobacteria containing both ACC-deaminase and nitrogen fixing activity were more effective than rhizobacteria containing either ACC-deaminase or nitrogen fixing activity alone for growth promotion of tomato under controlled condition.

Potassium (K) is the most influencing plant nutrient in cotton production due to its positive effects on the yield and fiber quality of cotton. However, due to the scorching prices of K fertilizers, the farmers around the globe seldom include K in cotton nutrition program. A variety of strategies are devised for low-K-input sustainable cotton production, including the identification of K-use-efficient genotypes and the integrated use of inorganic and organic sources of K. This monograph focuses upon K use efficiency of cotton genotypes, in a series of hydroponics, pot and field experiments, and how it is affected by inorganic and organic K fertilizers. Various factors affecting productivity of selected cotton genotypes under K deficiency stress are highlighted. Organic and inorganic K fertilizers are compared for correcting K deficiency in cotton. These studies have implications for agriculture particularly in developing countries where K fertilizers are scarce and expensive. This well written and easy to read book is practically useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students, research workers and extensionists.

The GSM is the most widely used technology around the world. This project provides a better methodology for solving the two major practical problems that are usually encountered in GSM base transceiver stations (BTS). These problems are the drifting of microwave antenna forms its actual location and gaps in the coverage of transceivers. The project is designed so that to provide a remote and quick control of machinery and to accurately remove the fault. The system will call to the given number about the fault, and then by dialling code we can make possible our required task. All the knowledge for this project is collected from web resources. As a result of implementation of this system we believe it will save time, money and also make comfort for the operators